Allied Academies

Global assembling of Academicians, Researchers, Scholars & Industry to disseminate and exchange information at 100+ Allied Academies Conferences

Theme
Advances and Innovations in Pharmaceutical Science and Research

Welcome Message

Dear Colleagues, Researchers and Academicians,

A warm welcome to Drug Design 2020!!

Drug chemistry and medicinal chemistry in the field at the intersection of chemistry, commonly organic chemistry and pharmacology and various other biological Specialities. Drug chemistry is aimed to invent new A drug that is a chemical substance, typically of known structure, which when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect.

As a part of this Drug Design 2020 Conference aims to innovation, Researches in new drug discovery. Drug Design is the field to find remedies and discover new medicine by chemical formulation applied to chemical synthesis in organic chemistry. By produce new drugs and medication to improve health and wellness to the people.

In this Drug Design 2020 Conference contains the session like Oral Presentation/ Speaker/ Video Presentation/ E-Poster Presentation/ Workshops.

 

Our Drug Chemistry Conference aims to invite Researchers, Professors, CEOs and professionals from both academic and industry backgrounds. That will lead interact themselves and share some ideas over Drug Chemistry and Drug Design to Encourage new innovations in the field of Drug Chemistry.

We are looking forward to the Drug Chemistry 2020 Congress to be Successful and that will more effective and wonderful for the participants.

 We Welcome all the Drug Chemistry and Drug Design Professionals, Delegates, Researchers, and Students to make your presence in this virtual conference by July 20-21, 2020.


About Conference

Our aim on World Congress on Chemistry, "Drug Design andDrug Development" Conference unites a large group of experienced expertsto discuss late advancements in the business and discussion the bestmethodologies and answers for improving Drug Development goingahead.  It centres around the significance to get Drugs and how theycan influence human physiology. It is with a better comprehension ofPharmacology one can know the correct dosage and dose types of drugs. Moreresearch in Drug Development managesto recognize and react to medicate communications and its symptoms alongsideits system of activity, its remedial record and in this way treat likewise. Increasinglyconcentrated examination with the association among drug and its remedialimpact recognizes the properties of perfect drugs.

As a part of this Drug Design 2020 Conference aims to innovation, Researches innew drug discovery.Drug Design in the field to find remedies and discover new medicine by chemicalformulation applied to chemical synthesis in organic chemistry. Byproduce new drugs and medication to improve health and wellness to the people.

BENEFITS

  • Submitted abstracts would be published in conference souvenir.
  • Abstracts of the participants would be published in respective journals
  • Leads to transferring and exchanging ideas with Global Participants
  • Great opportunities for start-ups, companies are to exhibit their products.
  • Our online promotions and publicity attract huge users and views around the globe

 TARGET AUDIENCE

·      Directors,Board Members, Deans, Professors, President Vice President.

·      Headof the Departments, Researchers, Scientist, Faculties, Students.

·      Pharmaceutical ResearchCompanies.

This 2nd World Congress on Chemistry on DrugDesign and Development 2020 is expecting more than 200+ Participants to makethe event wonderful. In this Drug Design Congress willorganize several Oral Presentation/VideoPresentation/ Symposium/ Workshops and Exhibition as we have introduced severalnew tracks to bring in more participants.


Scientific Sessions/Tracks

Session on: Drug Design and Drug Discovery

Drugs are chemicals or biological compounds that have a physiological or biological effect on our bodies to heal the disease and maintain better health. The development of a new drug is a complex and expensive process that resides in many types of research. Drug Design and discovery is the inventive research of inventing new medications, which is most commonly an organic small molecule that activates the function of a biomolecule like protein, that will turn healing benefit to the target as a patient. In the pharmaceutical research companies to take the path from diagnosing the disease to bringing a safe and effective new treatment to patients. It takes around 10-15 years to create one new prescription from the time it is found to when it is accessible for treating patients. The discovery process includes all early research to identify a new drug and testing in the lab. Before the end, analysts want to have a promising applicant Drug to test in individuals.

 Sub-Tracks

·        Basic Principles in Drug Design and Development.

·        Molecular Recognition in Drug Design.

·        Stereochemistry in drug design 

·        Receptors: structure, function and pharmacology 

·        Excitatory and inhibitory amino acid receptor ligands 

 

           ·        Peptides and peptidomimetics 

Pharmaceutical Chemistry is the investigation of Drugs, and it includes Drug improvement. This includes drug discovery, delivery, absorption, metabolism and so on. There are segments of biomedical assessment, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutical science work is commonly done in a lab setting. 

Medicinal Chemistry manages the plan, advancement and improvement of concoction mixes for use as Drugs. It is characteristically a multidisciplinary subject starting with the amalgamation of potential Drugs pursued by examines exploring their connections with natural focuses to comprehend the restorative impacts of the Drugs, its metabolism and reactions. Medicinal chemists are indispensable in the preclinical stages of drug development, and again as pharmaceutical chemists in drug quality control. The section depicts phases of Drug Development, trailed by a synopsis of the periods of Drug activity identifying with a Drug formulation, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Finally, the classification systems for marketed drug substances are presented, with an emphasis on the classification by the molecular target.

Sub-Tracks

·         Chemical Intuition in Drug Design and Discovery

·        Strategies and Tactics in Medicinal Chemistry

·        Molecular Hybridization

·        Multitarget Drug 

·        Conformational Restriction 

·        Homologation

·        Virtual Screening Techniques

·        Allosteric Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (mGluR) Modulators

Session on: Design and application of prodrugs 

 Poor delivery characteristics of potential drug candidates are efficiently overcome by the exploitation of bio reversible chemical derivatization or in other words the prodrug approach. Prodrugs are inert or less dynamic subsidiaries of Drug Molecules that experience substance or enzymatic change in vivo to discharge the dynamic Drug moiety answerable for inspiring pharmacological impacts. Prodrug design comprises an area of drug research devoted to the optimization of drug delivery where the pharmacologically inactive prodrug requires transformation within the body in order to release the active drug. This approach has many advantages. First, the changes in physicochemical properties and the pharmacological profile of the drug are transient since the well-characterized parent drug molecule is regenerated from the prodrug. Second, the introduction of several chemical transient changes in the drug molecule is possible allowing prodrug derivatives with a broad spectrum of physicochemical properties to be synthesized. Prodrug undergoes quantitative chemical or enzymatic conversion to the parent compound (and a nontoxic transport-moiety). Prodrug formation can thus be considered as a means to mask temporarily undesirable physicochemical properties of the parent molecule. 

 Sub-Tracks

·           Enzymatic hydrolysis of Prodrugs

·           Nalmefene prodrugs

·           Strategies for Paclitaxel.

·           Troxacitabine prodrugs

·           Amino acids as promote ties in prodrug

·           Prodrugs for Gene-Directed Enzyme-Prodrug treatment

·           Lipid prodrug nanocarriers in cancer treatment

·           Analgesic Prodrugs for Combating their Side-Effects

·           Effect of Simvastatin Prodrug macromolecular prodrug

Session on: Artificial intelligence for Drug Discovery and Development

 The growth in Artificial intelligence (AI) have successfully applied to the many areas like as Natural Language Processing, Voice recognition. Now AI is widely applied into life science field like biology, chemistry and so on. An AI is commonly used for improving success rates and lower the cost of drug discovery and drug development. The Research Topic covers new AI algorithms in a wide range of areas such as drug target identification, pharmacogenomics, network pharmacology, chemical property prediction, synthesis planning, molecular design and generation, protein-ligand interaction, drug-target interaction network, big-data analysis for drug information, and image recognition. 

Sub-Tracks

·        Artificial Intelligence

·        Planning Chemical Syntheses

·        Virtual Screening

·       Artificial Neural Networks

·        Big Data

·        Deep Learning

 

           ·        Drug Discovery

 Computer-aided drug design (CADD) systems are utilized for the quick evaluation of Chemical libraries to guide and accelerate the beginning time advancement of new dynamic mixes. CADD involves countless computational procedures like virtual screening, virtual library configuration, lead enhancement, all over again structure, etc. Computer-aided drug design utilizes computational ways to deal with find, create, and dissect drugs and comparable biologically active molecules. The ligand-based computer-aided drug discovery (LB-CADD) approach involves the analysis of ligands known to interact with a target of interest. These methods use a set of reference structures collected from compounds known to interact with the target of interest and analyse their 2D or 3D structures. CADD provides information about the chemistry of the chemical entities which is basically inaccessible through laboratory experiments, reducing cost and labour. Certainly, CADD will improve the quality of research soon and facilitate the development of numerous drugs.

Sub Tracks

·        Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (SILCS)

·        Database Preparation

·        Docking

·        Single-step Free Energy Perturbation

·        QSAR/QSPR

·        Predictive toxicology

Session on: Enzymes and enzyme inhibitors 

Enzymes offer one of a kind open door for Drug Design that is not accessible to the cell surface receptors, atomic hormone receptors, particle channels, transporters, and DNA. Drug that function as enzyme inhibitors constitute a significant portion of the orally bioavailable therapeutic agents that are in clinical use today. A lot of drug discovery and advancement endeavours at present are centred around recognizing and streamlining drug applicant that demonstration through restraint of explicit enzyme targets. The allure of enzymes as focuses for Drug Discovery comes from the elevated levels of illness affiliation and druggability that regularly describe this class of proteins. Moreover, advanced methods for determining transition-state structure now offer the opportunity for direct drug design without resorting to expensive random testing campaigns. A full valuation for enzyme mechanisms separates proteins as a class of focuses for profoundly coordinated drug design.

Sub Tracks:

  • Reversible Modes of Inhibitor Interactions with Enzymes.
  • Assay Considerations for Compound Library Screening.
  • Slow/Tight Binding Inhibitors.
  • Irreversible Enzyme In activators.

 Session on: Classical antiviral agents and design of new antiviral agents

Antiviral agents are commonly used to give production of viruses that cause disease. It is very difficult to find medicines of the host cell. In any case, a few enzymes are just present in infections and these are potential focuses for antiviral Drugs. Agents that inhibit the transcription of the viral genome are DNA polymerase inhibitors and reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Protease inhibitors inhibit post-translational events. Other antiviral operators restrain the infection from appending to or infiltrating the host cell. Immunomodulators incite generation of host cell enzymes, which stop viral multiplication. Integrase strand move inhibitors anticipate a mix of the viral DNA into the host DNA by repressing the viral enzyme integrase. Neuraminidase inhibitors block viral enzymes and inhibit reproduction of the viruses.

Session on: Anticancer agents

 Anti-Cancer agent in drug chemistry aims to cover all the latest and outstanding developments in drug chemistry and rational drug design for the discovery of anti-cancer agents. The most serious issue in anticancer drug development is gaining multidrug opposition and backslide. Classical chemotherapeutics directly targeting the proteins processing abnormal expression inside the cancer cells. Conventional strategies for the complete eradication of the cancer cells proved ineffective. Directed chemotherapy was fruitful in specific malignancies in any case, the viability has frequently been constrained by drug resistance and symptoms on typical tissues and cells. Since the most recent couple of years, many promising Drug targets have been distinguished for the powerful treatment of disease.

 Sub Tracks:

·        Anti-Cancer Agents from Plants

·        Clinical Pharmacology of Anti-Cancer Agents

·        Natural Sources of Anti-Cancer Agents

·        Mechanism of Drug Sensitivity and Resistance 

Session on: Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery and Nanochemistry

Nanochemistry is the blend of science and nanoscience. Nanochemistry is related to a blend of building squares which are reliant on size, surface, shape and deformity properties. Nanochemistry is being utilized in concoction, materials and physical, science just as designing, organic and therapeutic applications. Nanochemistry and other nanoscience fields have a similar centre idea, yet the uses of those ideas are unique. nanochemistry isn't identified with the nuclear structure of compounds. Or maybe, it is about various approaches to change materials into answers for tackle issues. Chemistry principally manages degrees of the opportunity of particles in the intermittent table anyway Nanochemistry brought different degrees of opportunity that controls material's practices.

Nanomedicine is a part of medication that applies the information and devices of nanotechnology to the aversion and treatment of disease. Nanomedicine includes the utilization of nanoscale materials, for example, biocompatible nanoparticles and nanorobots, for diagnosis, conveyance, detecting or activation purposes in a living being. Like for any leap forward innovation, the promising potential outcomes that nanomedicine offer later must be counterweighted against dangers. The wellbeing of nanomedicine, items are managed precisely like medications and medicinal gadgets, clinically assessed for their advantage/hazard proportion for the patients. As any Medical Devices or Drugs, nanomedicines are carefully controlled and need to pursue exhaustively portrayal, lethality appraisal and multi-organize clinical preliminaries assessing for their advantage/hazard proportion before profiting patients with their entire potential.

 Sub-Tracks

  • Artificial Cell
  • Surface-Mediated Drug Delivery
  • Nanoparticles
  • Nanotechnology
  • Medical Devices
  • Nanomedicine 

 Session on: Drug from Natural Products

 Drug from Natural Products and traditional medicines are vital. Natural products and their subordinates have been perceived for a long time as a wellspring of remedial specialists and basic decent variety. Regular items have a wide scope of assorted variety of multidimensional substance structures; meanwhile, the utility of characteristic items as organic work modifiers has additionally won impressive consideration.  Drug Discovery is prompting be a provoking logical errand to discover vigorous and feasible lead competitors, which is only the procedure stream from a screening of common item to another disconnect that requires skill and experience. Be that as it may, notwithstanding their concoction structure assorted variety and their biodiversity, the improvement of new innovations has reformed the screening of natural products in finding new Drugs.

 Sub-Tracks

 Session on: Cellular and Molecular Targeted Drug Discovery

 Targeted drug delivery (TDD) is developing as a useful asset for the treatment of cancer due to upgraded delivery of drugs, just as qualities, to a tumour site with the assurance from the extracellular condition. Stimuli-responsive NanoGels (NGs) are a three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer networks that are formed via covalent linkages or self-assembly processes and can change their structural properties in the presence of external stimuli. These NGs have been widely examined as smart drug delivery carriers for a variety of anticancer drugs, as well as genes, because of stability, ease of synthesis, good control over particle size, and easy functionalization. Targeted drug delivery is a strategy that selectively and preferentially delivers the therapeutic agents to the target site concurrently failing access to the nontarget site. For this purpose, one of the attractive strategies is the use of “ligand” that will facilitate the homing of the therapeutic moieties to the target tissues. Ligand-targeted chemotherapeutics are based on the exploitation of antigens or receptors that are either inimitably expressed or overexpressed on the tumour cells compared to normal tissues in order to protect normal tissues from the reach of anticancer drugs and to deliver the anticancer drug selectively to tumour tissue. 

 Session on: Drug Repurposing

 Drug repositioning or Drug repurposing is a way to deal with quicken the Drug Discovery process through the distinguishing proof of a novel clinical use for a current medication endorsed for an alternate sign. The expanded achievement and uses of Drug repurposing can be considered as one of the results of poly pharmacology and it speaks to a sign of the move from a solitary to multitarget worldview in Drug Discovery

 

Drug Repurposing can lessen social insurance costs, given how relentless, tedious, and expensive again sedate revelation ventures have been. Drug-candidate molecules that have been appeared as being protected, yet inadequately successful for the planned objective, can be considered for different targets, thus perhaps diminishing the expenses of clinical preliminary. The expanding sum and accessibility of open and open source databases, information, calculations, and servers have empowered more members of Drug repurposing ventures. 

 Sub Tracks

·        Basis of Drug Repurposing

·        Poly Pharmacology

·        Computer-Assisted Drug Repurposing

·        Holistic Drug Targeting

Session on: Silico Methods for Drug Design and Discovery

In this Drug Design, 2020 Conference covers the hypothetical foundation and philosophies of valuable procedures of cheminformatics and bioinformatics that can be applied for Drug repurposing. Our Congress is aiming to Offers deep discussions on contextual investigations identifying with the in silico demonstrating of FDA-affirmed drugs for the revelation of antifungal, anticancer, antiplatelet specialists, and for medicating treatments against sicknesses. In-silico medicate structure aptitudes are utilized in nanotechnology, molecular biologybiochemistry and so forth.

Sub Tracks 

  • Homology modelling
  • Molecular docking
  • Virtual high-throughput screening
  • Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)
  • Hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR)
  • Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA)
  • Microarray analysis
  • Conformational analysis
  • Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation

Session on: Discovering novel antibiotics

Anti-infection opposition is a significant danger to worldwide wellbeing and specialists have attempted to distinguish new antimicrobial mixes. Most anti-infection agents are gotten from little molecule created by microscopic organisms, and the qualities that orchestrate, direct, and send out these particles ordinarily happen together in bunches called biosynthetic quality groups, which run in size from only a bunch to a few dozen qualities. Sequencing endeavours have uncovered that the genomes of anti-microbial delivering life forms, for example, Streptomyces coelicolor, contained an enormous number of quality bunches that were "quiet" or "secretive" and were not communicated under research centre conditions. Bioinformatic instruments would now be able to distinguish numerous quiet biosynthetic quality bunches in bacterial genomes. The subsequent stage is making sense of how to actuate them. "That would significantly change normal item revelation and furthermore sedate disclosure" says Seyedsayamdost. Scientists have attempted numerous methodologies, for example, communicating these quality groups in other bacterial species, adjusting their advertisers or controllers and changing how the microscopic organisms are refined.

Sub-Tracks

  • Antibiotic Resistance
  • Antibiotics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genetics & Genomics 
  • Microbiology
  • Silent Gene Clusters
  • Synthetic Biology Techniques

Session on: Drug from Natural Products

 Drug from Natural Products and traditional medicines are vital. Natural products and their subordinates have been perceived for a long time as a wellspring of remedial specialists and basic decent variety. Regular items have a wide scope of assorted variety of multidimensional substance structures; meanwhile, the utility of characteristic items as organic work modifiers has additionally won impressive consideration. 

Drug Discovery is prompting be a provoking logical errand to discover vigorous and feasible lead competitors, which is only the procedure stream from a screening of common item to another disconnect that requires skill and experience. Be that as it may, notwithstanding their concoction structure assorted variety and their biodiversity, the improvement of new innovations has reformed the screening of natural products in finding new Drugs.

 Sub-Tracks

Session on: Challenges in Drug Development

The Drug Development model today is under expanding pressure as the number of medications endorsed for showcasing has dwindled to a record-breaking low. Drug Developers must recognize this pattern before starting the improvement procedure. In any case, for a creating biotechnology or pharmaceutical organization, where assets are generally constrained, it is basic to have a flat out a valuation for the business patterns.

Drug Development is a protracted, complex, and expensive procedure, settled in with a high level of vulnerability that a Drug will really succeed. The obscure pathophysiology for some, sensory system issue makes target recognizable proof testing. Creature models regularly can't summarize a whole disorder or disease. Provokes identified with the heterogeneity of the patient populace may be mitigated with expanded clinical phenotyping and genotyping. More noteworthy accentuation on human information may prompt improved target ID and approval. There is an absence of approved diagnostic and restorative biomarkers to dispassionately distinguish and gauge natural states. Newness to current administrative procedures for an investigational new drug (IND) applications can be settled through pre-IND gatherings.

 Sub-Tracks

  • Current Drug Development Challenges
  • Unknown Biological Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Diseases
  • Translational Failures Using Animal Models
  • Pipeline Challenges
  • The Regulatory Process
  • Guidance and Clarification for IND Application

Session on: Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs

Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs (CTRA) is a that gives wide information about the issues and difficulties on examination, structure, lead, guideline and assessment with morals. Clinical preliminaries include the viability of new sedates for a malady which have no demonstrated successful treatment. The investigations are tested by creature models, creature and human subjects. It underlines the unpredictable structure of medications, consequences of clinical preliminaries, measurable techniques, a strategy of activity, information the board, moral and legitimate contemplations. CTRA has a wide inclusion of pharmaceutical improvement, licensed innovation rights and administrative issues that approaches suitable for propelling medication advancement. It additionally distributes procedures, conventions, result papers, critiques and disputable issues. The goal of this session is to animate the discourse and sharing the moral and administrative factors in clinical preliminaries among scholastics, clinicians, specialists and industrialists.

Sub-Tracks

Session on: Smart Drug Delivery System

With the phenomenal advances of biomedical nanotechnology during the previous scarcely any decades, ordinary Drug Delivery System (DDSs) have been included in Smart DDSs with boosts responsive attributes. Profiting by the reaction to the explicit interior or outer triggers, those well-characterized nanoplatforms can expand the medication focusing on viability, meanwhile, diminish symptoms/toxicities of payloads, which are key variables for improving patient consistence. In a scholarly field, an assortment of shrewd DDSs has been liberally shown for different captivating frameworks, for example, upgrades responsive polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, metals/metal oxides, and exosomes. Be that as it may, these nanoplatforms are the absence of institutionalized assembling strategy, lethality evaluation experience, and clear pertinence between the pre-clinical and clinical investigations, bringing about the enormous troubles to acquire administrative and morals endorsement. In this way, such moderately complex boost delicate nano-DDSs are not presently endorsed for clinical use. In this survey, we feature the ongoing advances of brilliant nanoplatforms for focusing on medicate conveyance. Moreover, the clinical interpretation snags looked by these brilliant nanoplatforms have been evaluated and examined. We likewise present the future bearings and points of view of stimuli-sensitive DDS in clinical applications.

Session on: Green Chemistry in Drug Development

In Drug Development procedures can be actualized right, green Chemistry can bear to diminish waste product and reduce resource utilization. Green chemistry is required for limiting some social risk and safety issues, also.  In the previous decade, a portion of the large pharmaceutical organizations around the globe have concentrated on utilizing green chemistry techniques for drug discovery, development, and manufacturing.  The future viewpoint of green chemistry will be broadened more seriously in any area of research. Products and environment should be viewed as together and it should be recalled that this planet needs an equalization of nature. Each endeavour to heart this equalization will run over increasingly genuine impacts. That is the reason we need greener systems and greener reasoning. In this session, we have talked about the significance of solvents and catalysts for synthetic strategy at pharmaceutical science. The advancement and favourable circumstances of green solvents and bio-and natural impetuses will be remembered for detail and we trust that the entire of this information will be a hand for both restorative researchers and pharmaceutical industries.

Session on: Medicinal Cosmetics Development

Cosmetics are items intended to wash down, ensure and change the presence of our bodies. The key fixings present in many beautifying agents incorporate water, emulsifiers, additives, thickeners, creams, hues and scents. Fixings can be normally happening or fake, however, any potential effect on our wellbeing depends basically on the synthetic mixes they are made of. The portions of possibly dangerous synthetic substances saw in beauty care products are considered as too little to even consider posing a hazard to human wellbeing. The guideline of this improvement is like the Drug Discovery process. Nonetheless, we likewise screen databases including characteristic synthetic substances removed from plants. These are substances primarily from conventional Chinese and Indian drug just as numerous synthetic concoctions extricated from plants perceived as viable herbs in Africa, Europe and around the world.


Market Analysis

The worldwide drug discovery market is foreseen to develop at a CAGR of 8.54% somewhere in the range of 2019and 2027 and produce income of $83.2 billion by 2027. Drug Developmentadvancements are utilized for the union and extraction of the objective compound.

The significant drivers impacting the development in the worldwide drug discovery market is a maturing populace and innovative headway. A maturing populace affects examples of human services spending in both created and creating nations. The biopharmaceutical organizations are quickly progressing in the scope of controls from genomics and large revelation to pre-clinical testing, in this way driving the drug discovery market.

DrugMetabolism and Pharmacokinetics(DPMK)specialist organizations are inventive methodologies and cutting-edge innovations, for example, high throughput screening to give choice empowering excellent information, with fast turnaround times, to contend in the market. Biological services incorporate the improvement of biochemical and cell-based measures, structure and usage of target-significant tests, phenotypic practical examines, and biomarker tests.

Research on the new medication, the innovation of another drug and improvement in the current drug are three primary components, which are pushing the development of the pharmaceutical organizations around the globe. The CRO is a company, which offers help to the biotechnologypharmaceutical, and restorative ventures as research administrations-appropriated on authoritative premise. This report centres around the worldwide market of drug discovery tools and gives a refreshed audit to remember the fundamental plan and its applications for different illness regions.

Renowned Speakers

To Collaborate Scientific Professionals around the World

Conference Date July 20-21, 2020
Poster Oppurtunity Available
e-Poster Oppurtunity Available
Copyright © 2024 Allied Academies, All Rights Reserved.